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States

Define clear visual states for interactive elements (hover, active, disabled, focused) to communicate usability.

Why it matters

Interactive elements are a conversation. States are the language of that conversation. They tell users what is possible (Default), what is about to happen (Hover), what is happening (Active), and what is not possible (Disabled). Without clear states, an interface feels broken or unresponsive.

States Playground

Interact with the elements or use the toggles to simulate specific states.

Core States

Hover

Indicates an element is interactive when the mouse moves over it. Not applicable on touch devices.

Active / Pressed

The moment an element is clicked or tapped. Provides immediate tactile feedback.

Focus

Crucial for keyboard navigation. Highlights the element currently selected for input.

Disabled

Indicates an element exists but cannot be interacted with currently. Often lower contrast.

States Checklist

  1. Focus Visibility

    Never remove the default focus outline without replacing it with a custom, visible alternative.

  2. Consistent Cues

    Use consistent visual changes (e.g., darkening color) for similar states across components.

  3. Disabled Clarity

    Ensure disabled states are clearly distinguishable but still legible.

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